Population and socioeconomic development in municipalities with lithium exploration potential in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais

Abstract

The article explores the socioeconomic development of municipalities in the Jequitinhonha Valley with potential for lithium exploitation, a strategic mineral for the global energy transition. This descriptive study examines the economic, demographic, social, environmental, and institutional aspects of the 14 municipalities participating in the “Vale do Lítio” project. The results revealed significant contrasts: while Teófilo Otoni shows greater economic dynamism, municipalities such as Rubelita and Itinga face high levels of social vulnerability, deficiencies in basic services, and accelerated population aging. The analysis of international experiences, especially those from the "lithium triangle," highlighted the importance of participatory governance models and integrated public policies. The study proposes guidelines structured around three pillars: diversified economic development, promotion of social well-being, and sustainable environmental management. It emphasizes that the success of lithium exploitation as a driver of regional development depends on a balanced approach that reconciles economic benefits, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion of local communities.

Keywords: territorial governance, energy transition, regional inequalities, mining, development.