Reproductive human rights and medically assisted reproduction: between freedom to reproduce and not to reproduce

Abstract

This paper addresses the topic of reproductive rights and their relationship with reproductive healthcare, emphasizing the dignity of the human person. Dignity entails recognizing the right of each individual to exercise their free choice regarding parenthood, including seeking medical assistance through assisted reproductive techniques such as in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination. It is of paramount importance that these practices be conducted ethically, in accordance with human rights principles. Compulsory sterilization, imposed by the State without free and informed consent, is considered a violation of human rights and human dignity as it restricts the freedom of reproductive decision-making. In contrast, voluntary sterilization is the autonomous and well-informed choice of an individual to undergo sterilization as a method of birth control, provided that it is carried out voluntarily, with informed consent, and without any form of coercion, in order to be legitimate within the context of family planning. Therefore, reproductive rights encompass the freedom to decide on reproduction, including access to medically assisted reproductive resources. However, it is of utmost importance that these practices be conducted ethically, respecting individual rights and avoiding the imposition of compulsory sterilization.